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Albion W. Tourgée
Albion Winegar Tourgée (May 2, 1838 – May 21, 1905) was an American soldier, Radical Republican, lawyer, writer, politician, and diplomat. A pioneer civil rights activist, he founded the National Citizens' Rights Association, established the historically black women's college Bennett College, and litigated for the plaintiff Homer Plessy in the famous segregation case ''Plessy v. Ferguson'' (1896). Historian Mark Elliott credits Tourgée with introducing the metaphor of "color-blind justice" into legal discourse.〔Elliott, ''Color Blind Justice...''.〕
==Early life==
Born in rural Williamsfield, Ohio on May 2, 1838,〔Gross, Theodore. ''Albion W. Tourgée''. Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1963: 13.〕 Tourgée was the son of farmer Valentine Tourgée and Louisa Emma Winegar. His mother died when he was five. He attended common schools in Ashtabula County and in Lee, Massachusetts, where he spent two years living with an uncle. Tourgée entered the University of Rochester in 1859. Interestingly, he showed no interest in politics until the university attempted to ban the Wide Awakes, a paramilitary campaign organization affiliated with the Republican Party. Tourgée took on the administration and succeeded in reaching a compromise with the University president.〔Olsen, ''A Carpetbagger's Crusade''.〕 Due to lack of funds, he left the university in 1861 without attaining a degree. He taught school as a way to raise money to return to Rochester, but with the outbreak of the Civil War, in April of the same year, he enlisted in the 27th New York Volunteer Infantry before completing his collegiate studies. As was common practice at many universities at that time, Tourgée was awarded an A.B. degree in absentia in June 1862.〔Toth, Margaret, ''Albion Winegar Tourgée, '62'', University of Rochester Library Bulletin, Vol. III, Spring 1953, No. 3.〕
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